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Developmental Milestones

Birth to Five Years
Age Gross Motor Fine Motor Speech/Language/Swallowing

Cognition

 

 

 

0-1

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Momentary head elevation when on tummy

 

Holds rattle placed in hand

 

Turns head side to side

 

Reciprocal and symmetrical kicking

 

Looks at objects briefly

 

Hands primarily closed especially with touch

 

Draws attention when upset

 

Cries become different for pain and hunger

 

Coordinates suckling, swallowing, and breathing

 

Opens and closes mouth in response to food

 

Reacts to sound, light, and motion

 

Turns head to hear familiar voice

 

Highly attuned to faces

 

 

 

 

2-3

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Holds head up to look at toys

 

Holds self on arms when on tummy

 

Hands open often

 

Brings hands to mouth

 

Holds toys purposefully

 

Enjoys social play

Makes comfort sounds

Begins smiling

 

Coos open mouth vowels (aah) and closed vowels (ee)

 

Squeals and laughs when pleased

 

Awareness of new situations

 

 

 

 

4-5

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Head no longer drops when pulled to sit

 

Sits with support

 

Stands holding weight when supported

 

Rolls from tummy to back

 

Rolls from back to side

 

Looks at toys while holding them

 

Reaches for, holds and lifts toys with both arms

 

Hands are in midline

 

Holds and shakes rattle

 

Repeats enjoyable activities

 

Uses tongue to move food in mouth

 

Responds to sound stimulation or speech by making noises

 

Begins babbling (reduplicated)

(baba, dada)

 

Reaches for familiar persons

 

Watches bottle prep with excitement

 

Reacts to sight of toy

 

Mouths, bangs, and shakes toys

 

 

 

 

 

6-7

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Rolls from back to tummy

 

Sits without support

 

Bounces when held standing

 

Rocks and pushes up on hands and knees

 

Holds bottle

 

Holds cookie

 

Moves toys from hand to hand

 

Voices attitudes other than crying-joy, anger, etc.

 

Cooperates in games

 

Reacts to music by cooing

 

Looks and vocalizes to own name

Babbles to people

 

Drinks from a cup and straw

 

Swallows pureed foods

 

Stares at strangers

 

Looks back and forth between two objects

 

Holds arms out to be picked up

 

Smiles and vocalizes to mirror image

 

Cries if toy removed

 

 

 

 

8-9

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Pulls to stand

 

Crawls

 

Moves from sitting to tummy & tummy to sitting

 

Cruises sideways

 

Picks up small toys

 

Bangs toys together

 

Uses both hands during play

 

Lets only parent meet needs

 

Says “dada” and “mama”

 

Shouts for attention and adds excitement to vocalizations

 

Chews food with coordinated movements

 

Babbles a variety of sounds: b,m,p,d,t,n,g,k,w,h,f,v,th,s,z,l,r

 

Uncovers toys

 

New forms of awareness emerge-plays peek-a-boo and other hiding games

 

Begins to understand cause and effect

 

 

10-11

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Sits from standing

 

Stands alone with one hand held

 

Cruises around furniture

 

Can stand alone

 

Holds crayon

 

Pushes car

 

Drops toys on purpose

 

Uses more than one object in play (hits cup with spoon)

 

Babbles using syllables like “badaga” with different sounds

 

Babbles in response to human voice

 

Understands some words by demonstrating appropriate behavior

 

Starts to link meaning to gestures

 

Shakes head “no”

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Crawls rapidly on hands and knees

 

Walks unassisted

 

Up on knees without help

 

Throws ball

 

Scribbles

 

Uses index finger to point

 

Builds 2 block tower

 

Holds cup without handles

 

Babbles to him/herself when left alone

 

Responds well to introduction of new tasks

 

Appetite may decrease

 

Wants to be independent

 

Displays temper tantrums

 

 

 

13-24

 

M

O

N

T

H

S

Beginning to jump

 

Climbs into adult chair

 

Begins to run

Walks backwards

Squats during play

 

Throws small balls

 

Takes off socks

Unzips zippers

Uses a spoon by self

Sorts a few shapes

 

Begins writing and making marks

 

Says “oh no” or “uh oh”

 

Vocabulary increases (50-250) words

 

Begins to put 2 words together

 

Recognizes name

 

Understands what objects do

 

Knows when book is upside down

 

Starts pretend play

 

 

 

 

2

 

Y

E

A

R

S

Bounces ball

 

Kicks big ball

 

Runs well

 

Stands on tip toes

 

Stands on one foot

 

Jumps forward

 

Turns doorknobs

 

Strings beads

 

Unwraps small objects

 

Takes off shoes

 

Holds pencil properly instead of in fist

 

Vocabulary improves quickly (250-500 words)

 

Understands categories

 

Imitates 4 word sentences

 

Sings parts of songs

 

Simple problem solving

 

Puts objects together with several parts

 

 

 

3

 

Y

E

A

R

S

Rides a tricycle

 

Jumps with feet together

 

Catches a large ball with arms/hands

 

Kicks a large rolled ball

 

Cuts with scissors

 

Colors with crayon

 

Unbuttons large button

 

Builds 9 block tower

 

Imitates drawing a cross and circle

 

Understands similar and different

 

Remembers and tells stories

 

Asks many “why” questions

 

Answers questions

 

Repeats 5 word sentences

 

Sorts toys by size and color

 

Begins to understand safety awareness

 

Gives full name

 

Higher level problem solving

Imaginative play

 

 

 

 

4

 

Y

E

A

R

S

Stands on one foot for up to 8 seconds

 

Skips

 

Hops on 1 foot

 

Walks on balance beam

 

Throws overhand

 

Buttons large buttons

 

Touches finger to nose with eyes closed

 

Traces and copies

 

Brushes teeth

 

Washes and dries face

 

Cuts out shapes

 

Answers a variety of “wh” questions

 

Understood at least 80% of the time

 

Vocabulary of several thousand words

 

Gives age and birthday

 

Understands most rules

 

Abstract thinking emerges

 

Understands past and present

 

Gives address

 

 

 

5

 

Y

E

A

R

S

Stands still on toes

 

Hops on 1 foot 10 times

Catches small ball bounced by self

 

Jumps forward 18-24”

Copies triangles

 

Cuts on a straight line

 

Draws a 6-8 part man

Buttons small buttons

 

Tries to color in lines

Speaks fluently except for confusions with /s,f,th/

 

Asks meaning of abstract words

Can compare objects

 

Counts

Knows morning from afternoon

 

Learns left from right

 


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Phone: 713.896.1815

Fax: 713.896.1853

 

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